@article {230, title = {{Diversity in extinction laws of Type Ia supernovae measured between 0.2 and 2 {$μ$}m}}, journal = {MNRAS}, volume = {453}, year = {2015}, pages = {3300-3328}, keywords = {circumstellar matter, dust, extinction, supernovae: general, supernovae: individual: 2012cu, supernovae: individual: SNe 2012cg}, doi = {10.1093/mnras/stv1505}, url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015MNRAS.453.3300A}, author = {Amanullah, R. and Johansson, J. and Goobar, A. and Ferretti, R. and Papadogiannakis, S. and Petrushevska, T. and Brown, P.~J. and Cao, Y. and Contreras, C. and Dahle, H. and Elias-Rosa, N. and Fynbo, J.~P.~U. and Gorosabel, J. and Guaita, L. and Hangard, L. and Howell, D.~A. and Hsiao, E.~Y. and Kankare, E. and Kasliwal, M. and Leloudas, G. and Lundqvist, P. and Mattila, S. and Nugent, P. and Phillips, M.~M. and Sandberg, A. and Stanishev, V. and Sullivan, M. and Taddia, F. and {\"O}stlin, G. and Asadi, S. and Herrero-Illana, R. and Jensen, J.~J. and Karhunen, K. and Lazarevic, S. and Varenius, E. and Santos, P. and Sridhar, S.~S. and Wallstr{\"o}m, S.~H.~J. and Wiegert, J.} } @article {2014MNRAS.440.1052K, title = {{The nature of supernovae 2010O and 2010P in Arp 299 - I. Near-infrared and optical evolution}}, journal = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society}, volume = {440}, year = {2014}, month = {may}, pages = {1052-1066}, abstract = {We present near-infrared and optical photometry, plus optical spectroscopy of two stripped-envelope supernovae (SNe) 2010O and 2010P that exploded in two different components of an interacting luminous infrared galaxy Arp 299 within only a few days of one another. SN 2010O is found to be photometrically and spectroscopically similar to many normal Type Ib SNe and our multiwavelength observations of SN 2010P suggest it to be a Type IIb SN. No signs of clear hydrogen features or interaction with the circumstellar medium are evident in the optical spectrum of SN 2010P. We derive estimates for the host galaxy line-of-sight extinctions for both SNe, based on both light curve and spectroscopic comparison finding consistent results. These methods are also found to provide much more robust estimates of the SN host galaxy reddening than the commonly used empirical relations between extinction and equivalent width of Na I D absorption features. The SN observations also suggest that different extinction laws are present in different components of Arp 299. For completeness, we study high-resolution pre-explosion images of Arp 299 and find both SNe to be close to, but not coincident with, extended sources that are likely massive clusters. A very simple model applied to the bolometric light curve of SN 2010O implies a rough estimate for the explosion parameters of E$_{k}$ {\ap} 3 {\times} 10$^{51}$ erg, M$_{ej}$ {\ap} 2.9 M$_{\&sun;}$ and M$_{Ni}$ {\ap} 0.16 M$_{\&sun;}$.}, keywords = {galaxies: individual: Arp 299, galaxies: starburst, infrared: galaxies, supernovae: general, supernovae: individual: SN 2010O, supernovae: individual: SN 2010P}, doi = {10.1093/mnras/stt2289}, url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014MNRAS.440.1052K}, author = {Kankare, E. and Mattila, S. and Ryder, S. and Fraser, M. and Pastorello, A. and Elias-Rosa, N. and Romero-Ca{\~n}izales, C. and Alberdi, A. and Hentunen, V.-P. and R. Herrero-Illana and Kotilainen, J. and M. A. P{\'e}rez-Torres and V{\"a}is{\"a}nen, P.} } @article {2014MNRAS.440.1067R, title = {{The nature of supernovae 2010O and 2010P in Arp 299 - II. Radio emission}}, journal = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society}, volume = {440}, year = {2014}, pages = {1067-1079}, abstract = {We report radio observations of two stripped-envelope supernovae (SNe), 2010O and 2010P, which exploded within a few days of each other in the luminous infrared galaxy Arp 299. Whilst SN 2010O remains undetected at radio frequencies, SN 2010P was detected (with an astrometric accuracy better than 1 milli arcsec in position) in its optically thin phase in epochs ranging from {\tilde}1 to {\tilde}3 yr after its explosion date, indicating a very slow radio evolution and a strong interaction of the SN ejecta with the circumstellar medium. Our late-time radio observations towards SN 2010P probe the dense circumstellar envelope of this SN, and imply dot$\{$M$\}$ [ $\{$M\_$\{${\sun}$\}$ yr\^{}$\{$-1$\}$$\}$] / v\_$\{$wind$\}$ [10 km s\^{}$\{$-1$\}$] =(3.0-5.1) {\times} 10$^{-5}$, with a 5 GHz peak luminosity of {\tilde}1.2 {\times} 10$^{27}$ erg s$^{- 1}$ Hz$^{- 1}$ on day {\tilde}464 after explosion. This is consistent with a Type IIb classification for SN 2010P, making it the most distant and most slowly evolving Type IIb radio SN detected to date.}, keywords = {galaxies: individual: Arp 299, galaxies: starburst, radio continuum: galaxies, supernovae: general, supernovae: individual: SN 2010O, supernovae: individual: SN 2010P}, doi = {10.1093/mnras/stu430}, url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014MNRAS.440.1067R}, author = {Romero-Ca{\~n}izales, C. and R. Herrero-Illana and M. A. P{\'e}rez-Torres and Alberdi, A. and Kankare, E. and Bauer, F.~E. and Ryder, S.~D. and Mattila, S. and Conway, J.~E. and Beswick, R.~J. and Muxlow, T.~W.~B.} } @article {2012ApJ...756..111M, title = {{Core-collapse Supernovae Missed by Optical Surveys}}, journal = {The Astrophysical Journal}, volume = {756}, year = {2012}, month = {sep}, pages = {111}, abstract = {We estimate the fraction of core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) that remain undetected by optical SN searches due to obscuration by large amounts of dust in their host galaxies. This effect is especially important in luminous and ultraluminous infrared galaxies, which are locally rare but dominate the star formation at redshifts of z \~{} 1-2. We perform a detailed investigation of the SN activity in the nearby luminous infrared galaxy Arp 299 and estimate that up to 83\% of the SNe in Arp 299 and in similar galaxies in the local universe are missed by observations at optical wavelengths. For rest-frame optical surveys we find the fraction of SNe missed due to high dust extinction to increase from the average local value of \~{}19\% to \~{}38\% at z \~{} 1.2 and then remain roughly constant up to z \~{} 2. It is therefore crucial to take into account the effects of obscuration by dust when determining SN rates at high redshift and when predicting the number of CCSNe detectable by future high-z surveys such as LSST, JWST, and Euclid. For a sample of nearby CCSNe (distances 6-15 Mpc) detected during the last 12 yr, we find a lower limit for the local CCSN rate of 1.5$^{+0.4}$ $_{- 0.3}$ {\times} 10$^{-4}$ yr$^{-1}$ Mpc$^{-3}$, consistent with that expected from the star formation rate. Even closer, at distances less than \~{}6 Mpc, we find a significant increase in the CCSN rate, indicating a local overdensity of star formation caused by a small number of galaxies that have each hosted multiple SNe.}, keywords = {galaxies: individual: Arp 299, galaxies: starburst, infrared: galaxies, supernovae: general, supernovae: individual: SN 2005at SN 2010P}, doi = {10.1088/0004-637X/756/2/111}, url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012ApJ...756..111M}, author = {Mattila, S. and Dahlen, T. and Efstathiou, A. and Kankare, E. and Melinder, J. and Alonso-Herrero, A. and M. A. P{\'e}rez-Torres and Ryder, S. and V{\"a}is{\"a}nen, P. and {\"O}stlin, G.} } @article {2012ApJ...744L..19K, title = {{Discovery of Two Supernovae in the Nuclear Regions of the Luminous Infrared Galaxy IC 883}}, journal = {The Astrophysical Journal Letters}, volume = {744}, year = {2012}, pages = {L19}, abstract = {We report the discovery of two consecutive supernovae (SNe), 2010cu and 2011hi, located at 0farcs37 (180 pc) and 0farcs79 (380 pc) projected distance, respectively, from the center of the K-band nucleus of the luminous infrared galaxy (LIRG) IC 883. The SNe were discovered in an ongoing near-infrared K-band search for core-collapse SNe in such galaxies using the ALTAIR/NIRI adaptive optics system with laser guide star at the Gemini-North Telescope. These are thus the closest SNe yet discovered to an LIRG nucleus in optical or near-infrared wavelengths. The near-infrared light curves and colors of both SNe are consistent with core-collapse events. Both SNe seem to suffer from relatively low host galaxy extinction suggesting that regardless of their low projected galactocentric distances, they are not deeply buried in the nuclear regions of the host galaxy.}, keywords = {galaxies: individual: IC 883, galaxies: starburst, infrared: galaxies, instrumentation: adaptive optics, supernovae: individual: SN 2010cu SN 2011hi}, doi = {10.1088/2041-8205/744/2/L19}, url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012ApJ...744L..19K}, author = {Kankare, E. and Mattila, S. and Ryder, S. and V{\"a}is{\"a}nen, P. and Alberdi, A. and Alonso-Herrero, A. and Colina, L. and Efstathiou, A. and Kotilainen, J. and Melinder, J. and M. A. P{\'e}rez-Torres and Romero-Ca{\~n}izales, C. and Takalo, A.} } @article {2012A\&A...543A..72R, title = {{e-MERLIN and VLBI observations of the luminous infrared galaxy IC 883: a nuclear starburst and an AGN candidate revealed}}, journal = {Astronomy and Astrophysics}, volume = {543}, year = {2012}, month = {jul}, pages = {A72}, abstract = {Context. The high star formation rates of luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs) make them ideal places for core-collapse supernova (CCSN) searches. Massive star formation can often be found in coexistence with an active galactic nucleus (AGN), contributing jointly to the energy source of LIRGs. At radio frequencies, where light is unaffected by dust extinction, it is possible to detect compact components within the innermost LIRG nuclear regions, such as SNe and SN remnants, as well as AGN buried deep in the LIRG nuclei.
Aims: Our study of the LIRG IC 883 aims at: (i) investigating the parsec-scale radio structure of the (circum-)nuclear regions of IC 883; (ii) detecting at radio frequencies the two recently reported circumnuclear SNe 2010cu and 2011hi, which were discovered by near-IR (NIR) adaptive optics observations of IC 883; and (iii) further investigating the nature of SN 2011hi at NIR wavelengths.
Methods: We used the electronic European very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) Network (e-EVN) at 5 GHz, and the electronic Multi-Element Remotely Linked Interferometer Network (e-MERLIN) at 6.9 GHz, to observe contemporaneously the LIRG IC 883 at high angular-resolution (from tens to hundreds of milliarcsec) and with high sensitivity ({\l}t}70 {$μ$}Jy), complemented by archival VLBI data at 5 GHz and 8.4 GHz. We also used the Gemini North telescope to obtain late-time JHK photometry for SN 2011hi.
Results: The circumnuclear regions traced by e-MERLIN at 6.9 GHz have an extension of \~{} 1 kpc, at a position angle of 130{\deg}, and show a striking double-sided structure, which very likely corresponds to a warped rotating ring, in agreement with previous studies. Our e-EVN observations at 5 GHz and complementary archival VLBI data at 5 GHz and 8.4 GHz, reveal various milliarcsec compact components in the nucleus of IC 883. A single compact source, an AGN candidate, dominates the emission at both nuclear and circumnuclear scales, as imaged with the e-EVN and e-MERLIN, respectively. The other milliarcsec components are strongly indicative of ongoing nuclear CCSN activity. Our e-EVN observations also provided upper limits to the radio luminosity of the two SNe in IC 883 recently discovered at NIR wavelengths. We refine the classification of SN 2011hi as a Type IIP SN according to our latest epoch of Gemini North observations acquired in 2012, in agreement with a low-luminosity radio SN nature. We estimate a CCSN rate lower limit of 1.1$_{-0.6}$$^{+1.3}$ yr$^{-1}$ for the entire galaxy, based on three nuclear radio SNe and the circumnuclear SNe 2010cu and 2011hi.}, keywords = {galaxies: individual: IC 883, galaxies: starburst, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, radio lines: stars}, doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/201218816}, url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012A\%26A...543A..72R}, author = {Romero-Ca{\~n}izales, C. and M. A. P{\'e}rez-Torres and Alberdi, A. and Argo, M.~K. and Beswick, R.~J. and Kankare, E. and Batejat, F. and Efstathiou, A. and Mattila, S. and Conway, J.~E. and Garrington, S.~T. and Muxlow, T.~W.~B. and Ryder, S.~D. and V{\"a}is{\"a}nen, P.} } @article {2011MNRAS.415.2688R, title = {{The core-collapse supernova rate in Arp 299 revisited}}, journal = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society}, volume = {415}, year = {2011}, pages = {2688-2698}, abstract = {We present a study of the core-collapse supernova (CCSN) rate in nuclei A and B1, of the luminous infrared galaxy (LIRG) Arp 299, based on {\tilde}11 yr of Very Large Array (VLA) monitoring of their radio emission at 8.4 GHz. Significant variations in the nuclear radio flux density can be used to identify the CCSN activity in the absence of high-resolution very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations. In the case of the B1-nucleus, the small variations in its measured diffuse (synchrotron plus free-free) radio emission are below the fluxes expected from radio supernovae (RSNe), thus making it well-suited to detect RSNe through flux density variability. In fact, we find strong evidence for at least three RSNe this way, which results in a lower limit for the CCSN rate ({$ν$}$_{SN}$) of {\gt}0.28$^{+0.27}$$_{-0.15}$ yr$^{-1}$. This value agrees within the uncertainties with the infrared (IR) luminosity based SN rate estimate, and with previously reported radio estimates. In the A-nucleus, we did not detect any significant variability and found a SN detection threshold luminosity of {\ap}3.1 {\times} 10$^{28}$ erg s$^{-1}$ Hz$^{-1}$, allowing only the detection of the most luminous RSNe known. Our method is basically blind to normal CCSN explosions occurring within the A-nucleus, which result in too small variations in the nuclear flux density, remaining diluted by the strong diffuse emission of the nucleus itself. Additionally, we have attempted to find near-IR (NIR) counterparts for the earlier reported RSNe in the Arp 299 nucleus A, by comparing NIR adaptive optics images from the Gemini-N Telescope with contemporaneous observations from the European VLBI Network (EVN). However, we were not able to detect NIR counterparts for the reported radio SNe within the innermost regions of nucleus A. While our NIR observations were sensitive to typical CCSNe at {\tilde}300 mas (or 70 pc projected distance) from the centre of the nucleus A, suffering from extinction up to A$_{V}${\tilde} 15 mag, they were not sensitive to such highly obscured SNe within the innermost nuclear regions where most of the EVN sources were detected.}, keywords = {galaxies: individual: NGC 3690:IC 694, galaxies: starburst, supernovae: general}, doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18886.x}, url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011MNRAS.415.2688R}, author = {Romero-Ca{\~n}izales, C. and Mattila, S. and Alberdi, A. and M. A. P{\'e}rez-Torres and Kankare, E. and Ryder, S.~D.} }